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With India's rapid educational growth towards virtual education, the education system has intensified. India has gone through critical condition like COVID-19. There is huge increment in the implementation of online learning management system. This helped the educational institutions to manage their education system without being physically present in the institution. This paper is presenting the challenges required by institutions to transform their manual education system into virtual/online education system. The online learning management system has enhanced the way of teaching and learning process of students. This study will tell us about how online LMS has speeding up the quality of education for the On-Campus enrolled students as well as distance learning students also. In general, LMS are built to provide the course material in a static way only. The modern LMS has the ability for the group discussion which is helping the student to achieve the qualities of team-working. © 2022 IEEE.
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A century after the outbreak of the Spanish flu, the world is suffering from another pandemic because of the coronavirus. The virus took a toll on more than millions of lives worldwide and continues to affect the health and socio-economic infrastructure all over the world. This study explores the epidemiology, etiology, and transmission of the virus and its phylogenetic relationship with SARS and MERS coronavirus responsible for the 2002 and 2012 viral outbreak. Furthermore, this review highlights the key features of the viral genome and essential viral proteins responsible for the viral life cycle, evading host immune response, and viral immunopathology with therapeutics from "Recovery" and "Solidarity" trials. The review culminates with a discussion on different classes of prominent vaccines and their efficacy. An overall understanding of essential viral proteins and their role in pathogenesis, repurposed drugs, and vaccine development is the rationale of the present review.Copyright © 2021 Bentham Science Publishers.
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There is an alarming upward trend in COVID-19 cases, and the existing healthcare system is unable to cater the day-to-day requirements from testing followed by appropriate patient care. The use of monitoring devices has found the importance of detecting the presence of the virus early. In order to expand the exciting monitoring system, every technocrat needed to come forward and donate his money to this. Authors as a responsible persons deemed it proper to work on the development design of multipurpose all in one reliable device to help the front like warriors in identifying persons with COVID-19 symptoms like temperature, heartbeat, humidity and positioning real time. After putting in an extra effort, author has succeeded in translating my idea into action. A device that is so well-designed and will increase the medical brotherhood effort to continue monitoring patient health parameters using a variety of sensors connected to the Arduino board. The generated data is then transmitted via Wi-Fi module to IOT platform, i.e., ThingSpeak and which can be monitored on devices like desktop, laptop or smartphone. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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The coronavirus pandemic caused global health and economic disruption of an unknown scale. Several issues with the pharmaceutical supply chain such as the counterfeiting of drugs came to light in these dire times. While continual efforts are being applied in order to effectively treat and annihilate the coronavirus, so are the efforts of supply chains to prepare for patient care in case of a recurrence. The requirement of superior quality medicines has sky rocketed, subsequently, so has the influx of counterfeited drugs. The security of the pharmaceutical supply chain is unquestionably necessary due to the large scale increase in demand for drugs. Tampering of the supply chain is not easily detectable when unethical practices are suspected currently. A radical and innovative method that contains the potential to overcome the challenges of securing the pharmaceutical supply chain is the blockchain technology. So, our proposed solution amalgamates blockchain technology into the drug supply chain to make it tamper-proof. This study proposes a system that harnesses blockchain's properties to ensure supply of safe and traceable pharmaceuticals from end to end. The smart contracts designed have been deployed on a local blockchain using Ganache. Results of our experimentation indicate with certainty that not only is this solution feasible but it is more secure than the present day scenario of the pharmaceutical supply chain. © 2022 IEEE.
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This review focuses on the management of Novel Corona Virus with antiviral drugs and antibiotics and therefore the worldwide dissemination of COVID-19 has been accompanied by increased use of antibiotics, according to this review, which focuses on the therapy of Novel Corona Virus with antiviral medicines and antiviral. This is linked to COVID-19 patients' priority of viral infections. In low-and middle-income countries, identifying viruses is difficult because to a lack of medical or cheap infrastructure that is easily accessible and inexpensive among diseases and pathogens. The possibility of COVID-19 spreading has increased public awareness of the need of antibiotic management systems, as well as infection control and control measures that can minimize microbial load. In underdeveloped nations, these measures are commonly employed. During the COVID-19 pandemic, studies were conducted as a test for worldwide antibiotic resistance. Respiratory problems are being blamed on the Novel Corona Virus that Include pneumonia, colds, sneezing and coughing, and other respiratory diseases. Humans are infected with the Coronavirus by airborne droplets. The World Health Organization has warned against visiting public areas and avoiding close contact with an infected individual. First, on December 31, 2019, the Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was separated from the Wuhan market in China, resulting in the COVID-19 pandemic of extremely complicated viral illnesses. Patients with risk factors are more prone to develop secondary infections, which necessitate the use of antibiotics. Attempts to duplicate the medication, on the other hand, raised knowledge of the antibiotics' significance beyond infection management. Antiviral, immunomodulatory action, and unique pharmacokinetic profile of antibiotics play a significant part in the therapy of pneumonia;other benefits include cardiac safety, improved lung tissue access, and possible antiviral, and immunomodulation, but some adverse effects by usage. SARS-CoV-2 has generated an epidemic of the highly infectious new coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), which poses a severe public health concern. Given the potential for a COVID-19 outbreak, a better knowledge of the virus is critical in the event of therapeutic alternatives. We offer a thorough analysis of antimicrobials and antiviral COVID-19 in this review. We also go about COVID-19's current treatments. Copyright © 2022, Anka Publishers. All rights reserved.
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Introduction: Myriad of complications were observed in post Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) survivors, psychiatric morbidities among one of them. Recent body of research has shown that significant number of patients developed psychological symptoms following COVID-19. Most of the Indian studies have assessed psychological morbidity among COVID-19 patients during admission. However, very few Indian studies have assessed the psychological impact of COVID-19 during the follow-up period, especially in rural India. Aim(s): The study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and anxiety and evaluate related socio-demographic (age, gender, education, occupation and marital status) and clinical factors (severity of COVID-19, presence of medical co-morbidity, Oxygen requirement, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) referral, duration of admission) in patients post-COVID-19. Material(s) and Method(s): This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh, India. among 96 patients post-COVID -19 after their discharge from the hospital. Data collection was done between July 2021 to September 2021, using a semi-structured proforma and a psychiatric diagnosis was made (based on International Classification of Diseases- 10th Edition Diagnostic Criteria for Research criteria and clinically approved by two qualified psychiatrists). Rating scales such as Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) were used for severity assessment. Data was analysed using Microsoft Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Result(s): In 96 patients, 70 (72.91%) were males. 38 patients (39.58%) were of the age group 45-60 years. 36 (37.50%) patients had Depression. Anxiety was seen in 40 (41.66%) participants. Among the clinical variables, the severity of the COVID-19 infection (p-value<0.01), presence of co-morbidity (p-value<0.01), and ICU referral (p-value<0.01), were found to be associated significantly with the presence of depression in the participants. Among 36 depressive patients, mild depression was present in 17 (47%), moderate depression in 12 (33%), severe depression in 5 (14%) and very severe in 2 (6%) of the participants. Anxiety was associated significantly with the gender (p-value=0.02), co-morbidity (p-value<0.01), severity of illness (p-value<0.01), oxygen requirement (p-value=0.04) and ICU admission (p-value<0.01). Mild anxiety was observed in 18 (45%), moderate anxiety in 16 (40%) and severe anxiety in 6 (15%). Conclusion(s): The prevalence of depression and anxiety is high in patients post COVID-19. The severity of these disorders is significantly associated with presence of medical co-morbidity and severity of COVID-19. Hence, thorough evaluation and management of these disorders in post-COVID-19 patients can help in improving the overall outcome. Copyright © 2023 Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. All rights reserved.
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The third Industrial Revolution brought about major changes in the lives of people. But people were too late to realize that the impact of the Revolution had an adverse effect on the environment and the biodiversity. With more and more industries and automobiles thriving around, improper waste management techniques, and increasing deforestation, the air quality started declining rapidly. Higher AQI level indicates poorer air quality and vice-versa. The Corona Virus Disease or Covid-19 is a pandemic that has claimed millions of lives till date. To contain its spread, countries are imposing nationwide lockdowns. With the imposition of lockdown, life came to a still. Almost everything flourished online pertaining to which, the air quality started getting better and better. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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In medical domain, the accuracy of the data supplied is critical. Missing values, on the other hand, are a typical occurrence in this sector for a variety of reasons. Most current science concentrates on establishing novel data imputation procedures, but more research on conducting a comprehensive review of existing algorithms is highly desired. Authors have evaluated the performance of four mostly adopted data imputation techniques, i.e., MICE, EM, mean, and KNN on a real-world dataset of COVID-19. KNN is an imputation approach that, according to the findings of the studies, is expected to be a good fit for dealing with missing data in the healthcare industry. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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The speed with which the COVID-19 pandemic has spread is astounding, but the global response is based on lessons learned from earlier sickness outbreaks in recent years. In a human test immunization study, solid volunteers are given a test antibody and afterward intentionally presented to the life from making the sickness check whether the antibody works or not. Nonetheless, there are significant moral contemplations that should be tended to especially for another infection like COVID-19, which perhaps not yet completely comprehend as yet it tends to figure out how to treat. It could be hard for the clinical local area and expected volunteers to appropriately appraise the possible dangers of taking an interest in a COVID-19 human test study. The investigation is completed utilizing managed AI calculations where it has been attempted to foresee the yield with greatest exactness. © The Electrochemical Society
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The most intelligent species of world, human being, is feared and being affected by the rapid spread of coronavirus (COVID-19). In this time of world level danger, World Health Organization (WHO) came up with few guidelines for protection against the speedy dispersion of coronavirus in human habitat. According to WHO, the most important step to be taken by everyone against COVID-19 is to wear a mask in their routine, whether it would be their home or office. But it is very difficult task to keep an eye people manually. Keeping this in mind, in this paper the emerging technologies in market like deep learning, machine learning and python is used for helping in this stage of country and make a automatic face mask detection that can be used in various public places to avoid spread of the virus. Also this can be integrated with CCTV camera companies for getting report of audience. Our model can detect mask in images as well as in real time video stream. Along with this it is also able to detect multiple facial masks in a single frame. It has wide number of applications in real world, this model can be used in public transport systems, malls, markets and other public areas for detecting face masks and giving alert over a certain limit. Even after everything comes back to normal, society will still use the mask and it became a basic need for us even to fight pollution and other harmful airborne diseases. Therefore, using the technologies and science advancement would be the best for unmanned approach of human health preventions. © 2021 IEEE.
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Purpose: The micro, small and medium scale enterprises (MSMEs) faced various challenges in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, making it challenging to remain competitive and survive in the market. This research develops a model for MSMEs to cope with the current pandemic's operational and supply chain disruptions and similar circumstances. Design/methodology/approach: The exhaustive literature review helped in identifying the constructs, their items and five hypotheses are developed. The responses were collected from the experts working in MSMEs. Total 311 valid responses were received, and the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was used for testing and validating the proposed model. Findings: Critical constructs identified for the study are-flexibility (FLE), collaboration (COL), risk management culture (RMC) and digitalization (DIG). The statistical analysis indicated that the four latent variables, flexibility, digitalization, risk management culture and collaboration, contribute significantly to the firm performance of MSMEs. Organizational resilience (ORS) mediates the effects of all the four latent variables on firm performance (FP) of MSMEs. Practical implications: The current study's findings will be fruitful for the manufacturing MSMEs and other firms in developing countries. It will enable them to identify the practices that significantly help in achieving the firm performance. Originality/value: The previous researches have not considered the effect of “organizational resilience” on the “firm performance” of MSMEs. This study attempts to fill this gap. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.
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Background The NEW-TS 1 study has studied the 3 first years of use of the NEWCARD Telemonitoring system for heart failure. Based of it, different upgrades were implemented in 2020, especially a new algorithm. Purpose This study is designed to study a more mature and constant telemonitoring device. To enhance the quality of our protocol, we have also reinforced the monitoring process of hospitalisations. Methods The inclusion criterias of the patients were almost opened to every heart failure one, due to an amendment of the ETAPES experimentation at the start of 2020 with the COVID pandemic. Patients have to be followed as least 3 months during 2020 year. Classical baseline characteristics for heart failure are monitored at the start of the study. Everyday were measured at home patient weight, heart rate, blood pressure and dyspnea status. Those datas were analysed by the system algorithm and alarms were sent and monitored according to the NEWCARD process. Events (especially death and hospitalisations) were monitored by 3 differents sources: NEWCARD nurses, patients and their cardiologists. Every hospitalization anonymised has to be classified by an independent committee. We will study different parameters (compliance, evolution of datas, alarms generated, types of answers to them, hospitalisations and the predictive value of the system for them). Results On 1262 patients, the mean age was 75. The averages for baseline medical datas were: 40% for systolic function, 29% for diabetes, 61% for sinusal rhythm. For BNP and NTproBNP, means were 915 and 4018 (pg/ml respectively). Conclusion We conducted a retrospective study on 1262 patients in order to assess the accuracy of the telemonitoring system NEWCARD in mature and “real life” conditions. We will also take the opportunity of this study to the process. This “real-life” conditions study will be followed by a medico economic study based on the 2020 datas (NEW-TS 3).
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Sugar beet is an important crop in the advent of COVID 19 as it has a high potential for ethanol production in less growth span. The life cycle of this crop is of five to six months with a root yield of 60-80 t ha-1 and sugar content of 15-17%. Sugar beet is known as a temperate crop of short duration grown in the month of September to October and harvested in April and May, but successful efforts have been made in establishing this crop for Indian agro-climatic conditions. India stands to gain from capitalizing on the potential of sugar beet for sugar, ethanol, and fodder. It offers the increment in the farmer's income especially hill farmers with respect to seed production of this crop in India The crop has been bestowed with a natural endowment of reclaiming saline soils which will help in cultivating the Indian saline areas. The crop is full of carbohydrates content which is being used for multiple purposes giving value addition to the crop. The green top and, wet and dry pulp are a good source of fodder material for lactating animals like cattle. Beet pulp is another good source as silage feed and as an adhesive in beauty products as well as in printing ink. An amount of 5250 L of ethanol per hectare crop can be produced. Due to 30% galacturonic acid content, the dry beet pulp can also be used as a source of Vitamin C. Lactic acid is also being produced from the juice of sugar beet through fermentation. The pectin content of this crop is useful in paper and board manufacturing industries as a raw material and also in dishwashing detergents and leather production. The fiber content works as dietary fibers which are used in meat and baking industries as important ingredients in food commodities. The vinasse produced as an industrial by-product is useful as a fertilizer. Sugar beet tails and other parts have also been used in biogas production in some countries. Intercropping of this crop with other crops is an added benefit of this crop. New prospects are also available for this crop in pharmaceutical industries and material sciences in times to come.
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COVID-19 has affected the world with varied intensity and India is no exception. The lockdown measures implemented in India to combat COVID-19 rendered significant economic costs in terms of loss of employment, income, and output. In this paper, we find that the national lockdown measures adopted by the GOI have weakened the states financially, making them financially more dependent on the centre. This paper argues that the interests of domestic capitalists and international finance capital have restricted India from increasing its government expenditure and adopting economic policies for the best benefits of its citizens. Thus, financial weakness of the state governments has accentuated during the lockdown period and has tilted the balance further in favour of the centre. This is neither encouraging from the perspective of fiscal federalism in India nor for the delivery of welfare to its citizens. This may even delay the process of India’s economic recovery. Copyright © 2021 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.
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Early in 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic emerged as a global public health concern requiring urgent attention, concerted efforts and intervention to avoid catastrophe. This necessitated optimal use of fast-emerging data to be analysed to draw out inferences that would shape our response. World Health Organisation (WHO) called this pandemic an infodemic where data played a crucial role. This paper reviews how data from varied sources and different types helped delay the outbreak, limit the spread, initiate social and public health measures, decide treatment regimes, optimise healthcare infrastructure and human resources and helped to initiate a multipronged strategy with emerging evidence for further course correction as the world progressed through the pandemic. The classical mathematical tools, i.e., Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model and its variants, were the primary analytical techniques utilised to analyse such data. However, newer data analytical techniques utilising artificial intelligence and machine learning, were also extensively used. These techniques have the capability to handle large quantities of data and develop prediction models of various emerging situations that offer foreknowledge for policymakers and provide solutions. Data Science has witnessed a leap in the past few years, and the way it helped shape our response to this pandemic is a testimony to the promise that it holds for humankind.
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Background: More than 1.3 billion people are at risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in India. The number of corona virus cases in Maharashtra had exceeded 5.6 million and 11.81% of Aurangabad district's population was affected with covid19 infection. Therefore, Knowing QOL of the population during pandemic would give us a broader idea on which components of QOL has to be improve in our society.Aim: To know impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Quality of Life in people of Aurangabad city using WHO QOL-BREF Scale. Methods: A total of 246 participants were recruited in this crosssectional study. The patients included was with Post COVID-19 infection, Age 18 or above, both male and female. Participants with Cognitive Impairments, physical disability like Vision, Hearing, etc. was excluded. The QOL was assessed using WHO QOL-BREF Scale.Results: The Chi-square test showed all the domains was Significantly affected but social domain was Highly Significant in patients with post covid19 infection with p-value <0.05*. Conclusion: The study Demonstrated that Quality Of Life was affected in post covid19 patients living in Aurangabad city.
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After the initial outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China, the disease spreads rapidly across the whole world. It is observed that there is a rampant rise in the rate of infection in spite of best possible precautionary measures taken into consideration against Corona. As there is no scientifically validated full proofed medicine against COVID-19 till date, the only possible way is prevention against this infection by improving self-immunity, mass immunisation and controlling non-communicable diseases, if suffered from. Another possible way from the prevention from this deadly virus is development of herd immunity, but the process takes time and can be fatal for people with higher age groups and with co-morbidities. Yoga, an Indian way of mind-body purification, has been reported to improve functionality of human physiological systems and to prevent diseases. It is also observed that yoga, being a low to moderate intensity physical activity, breathing maneuvers and meditation, can also be performed by any person irrespective of age, with maximum benefit and having less stress in the vital organs during the practice. Therefore, a yoga package for improving immunity and other physical and physiological capacities and mental function to prevent Corona like disease has been formulated on the basis of knowledge from traditional yogic literature and evidence from available research publications on yoga. The yoga package might be beneficial across all age groups for improving health and wellbeing in this pandemic situation. © 2021, DESIDOC.
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The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (COVID-19) created an urgency to find a potential drug molecule for its cure. Repurposing of FDA-approved drugs facilitated by preliminary computational screening followed by experimental validation is now a well-established drug discovery protocol for attempting to find an effective cure against COVID-19 in a limited time with a lower risk of toxicity and higher efficacy. In this study, we identified computationally a few drugs showing good molecular interactions with known targets of SARS-CoV-2. Simulation studies are performed on 50 docked protein–drug complexes. The top 16 drugs (DB00198, DB00224, DB00503, DB00811, DB01098, DB01601, DB02701, DB04703, DB06159, DB06290, DB08889, DB09027, DB09297, DB13751, DB13814, and DB15623) are proposed as potential drug candidates for further experimental assessment to pick and choose drugs that could contain the virus and combat the pandemic. These 16 FDA-approved drug molecules are presented in the context of the vast emerging literature on drug repurposing to eliminate the novel coronavirus.
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Objective: Evaluate the occurrence of COVID-19 in the first half of 2020 in treated hypertensive patients and describe their medical follow-up during lockdown. Design and method: The FLAHS 2020 survey was performed in July/August 2020 by a self-administered questionnaire sent to 6,000 individuals aged 35 years and over from Kantar Health's Métascope permanent sampling base (a representative panel of the population living in metropolitan France). A subject was declared ill with COVID if he answered Yes to the question: Have you been ill with COVID-19 with a diagnosis confirmed or not by a doctor? The representativeness of the results for the metropolitan French population was performed by adjusting the data on geographical area, living conditions, socioeconomic category, gender and age. Results: Among the 4069 adults aged 35 years and older, symptomatic COVID-19 was reported by 2.2% [CI95:1.9-2.5] of respondents. The prevalence was 2.7% [CI95:1.4-4.0] among those treated with antihypertensive medication, 2.0% [1.7-2.3] among those not treated, 1.9% [1.3-2.5] among men and 2.5% [1.9-3.1] among women. Among subjects reporting COVID-19. During lockdown, 61.9% of treated hypertensive patients [60.6-63.2] were able to have medical contact, of which 9.8% [8.5-11.1] was by telephone and 5.9% [4.6-7.2] by videoconsultation, which was more frequent in the 35-54 age group with 13.1% [12.5-16.7] than in the 75+ age group with 3.5% [1.2-5.5]. 81.4% [2.8-5.4] of treated hypertensive patients visited the pharmacy at least once, and 4.1% [2.8-5.4] had their treatment delivered at home. Discontinuation of usual treatment was reported by 0.9% [0-2.2] of hypertensive patients, with a higher frequency in those aged 75 years and over (1.7% [0-4.0]). Conclusions: In the first half of 2020 in metropolitan France, COVID-19 in its symptomatic and self-reported form concerned treated hypertensive patients and the general population in a similar way. During lockdown there was no obvious disruption of care in the treated hypertensive patients and teleconsultation had a significant development, particularly for the visio-consultation in the 35-54 age group.